Some problems in the remainder of the Parshah.
1) Why does the commandment to erect memorial stones after crossing the Jordan seem to be repeated? ((27,2)
2) Why were only twelve commandments singled out for the ceremony of bestowing blessings resp. curses, at Mount Gerizim and Mount Eyvol?
3) Why is the prohibition to commit sexual acts with a beast placed between two kinds of incestuous relationships involving humans?
4) If "cursed be he who does not maintain the words of this Torah," is part of these twelve commandments, why are the other eleven listed altogether?
5) Why does the list of blessings not match the list of curses?
Crossing the river Jordan, and thereby commencing the conquest of the land of Canaan was such an important event that it had to be marked by a ceremony leaving an enduring impression, one that all those who had participated in the event would long remember. It was especially important that those who would one day become the elders of the people should be reminded already at this point that the purpose of crossing the Jordan was to enter a land in which all the mitzvot of the Torah could and would be fulfilled. Inscribing of these stones reflected the awareness of that purpose. Just as the elders of each city participated in the bikkurim ceremony of the town's farmers, so the elders of the people together with Moses commanded the people re the setting up of these stones. "In order that you come," (27,3) means "do it immediately" so as to speed up your arrival in the land God has promised you. Having said this, the Torah proceeds to give details how to treat those stones, building of an altar, what kinds of stones are to be used etc. Verse nine then tells the people that through this initial act they will acquire the strength to carry out all their subsequent tasks.
2) Concerning the twelve mitzvot singled out for emphasis at the Mount Gerizim assembly, the following is worth noting. Whenever something is accorded special attention or protection, this may be due to either of two causes. A) the subject matter is so vital that its loss is irretrievable; therefore every effort must be made to protect it against loss or damage. Examples are vital human organs such as the heart, lung, liver all of which are surrounded by a protective ribcage as additional protection. B) The subject matter is so fragile and exposed, devoid of defenses that is must be defended from the outside. Examples are the fingers or toes which need nails and gloves to protect them against the cold; the heel has a tough skin to protect it where it treads. Similarly, the Torah has emphasized the protection of the weak, i.e. the stranger, the widow, the orphan. The Torah warns no less than thirty six times against abusing these weaker members of society. The selection of the twelve commandments in question seems to be motivated by similar considerations.
1) The severity of the sin itself.
2) The ease with which one falls victim to the lure to commit this sin. In the latter instance, there may be three immediate causes for a person to commit such a sin. A) The victim is defenseless; B) the sin is so commonly practiced that one does not feel embarrassed when committing it. C) lack of self restraint on the part of the sinner. Each of these "groupings" is represented by three "curses." Category one comprises the making of idols, physical violence against one's parents, violating other people's property rights, in other words violating the principle of "love your fellow man as you love yourself." Murder is not mentioned, since it is not a crime that the average person is ever guilty of. The second category, -the naturally weak,- are represented by A) misleading the blind; B) depriving widows and orphans of their just deserts; C) taking advantage of the widow of one's father, who may not protest the rape, since for financial reasons she may be dependent on the very step-son who forces his attentions on her. Category three are three examples of sexual licentiousness due to proximity, i.e. easy availability or easily obtained consent by the partner. One example is sleeping with one's sister, the second one is sleeping with one's mother-in-law. The third one is sleeping with one's livestock.
3) The reason the latter example is positioned between the other examples of incest, is to indicate that the Torah assumes a different motive for sleeping with one's mother-in-law than for sleeping with one's widowed step mother. The last category that of
1) hitting a fellow human being when there are no witnesses,
2) accepting bribes to murder the innocent, and
3) failing to see to it that Torah legislation is observed, can be viewed in the following manner. The first two sins appeared inconsequential to the sinner since he feels protected by the secrecy surrounding his deed. Our sages even regard the instance of "hitting someone in a secret place" as referring to lashon hara, evil tongue. (Pirke de Rabbi Eliezer 53) In such a case, the perpetrator certainly does not realise the impact of what he has done.
4) At any rate, the perpetrator hides behind a facade of piety, wishes to be known as a pillar of society. Concerning all such people, the Torah comes out and says "cursed all those who do not maintain and support the words of this Torah." Whosoever occupies a position that enables him to strengthen Torah must do so personally, first and foremost.