The Levi'im directed their faces toward Mount Gerizim, and began the blessing, etc. You might ask: It is written "(The following will stand to bless the people, etc.) Shimon and Levi and Yehudah, [and Yisachar and Yoseif and Binyomin,]" and this implies that these six tribes said the blessing, not only the tribe of Levi! The answer is that that it is written, "And the following will stand
on (על) the curse at Mount Eival." "On the curse" must mean "next to the curse," that is, that the
Levi'im turned their faces to them and therefore they are called "next to" [the
Levi'im] more than those standing on Mount Gerizim, even though the
Levi'im were equidistant from both. You cannot explain the verse according to its straightforward meaning, because you cannot say "the following will stand
on the curse," as a curse is not something tangible that can be stood upon. Therefore, (על) must mean "next to the curse," i.e. next to those who say the curse. All this indicates that they themselves did not say the curses. Consequently, when it says [earlier], "These will stand to bless, etc.," here too the tribes are not the ones who are actually saying the blessings. And now it is logical to say that they [the ones who said the blessing] were the tribe of Levi because it is written, "The
Levi'im are to respond, etc.," and it is written afterwards [i.e. it says regarding those who stand by the curse who are mentioned after those who stand by the blessing] that they themselves did not say the blessing. You might ask: [If so], what is the meaning of what is written, "The following will stand to bless the people, etc.," which implies that they themselves said the blessings"? The answer is that it means that the following should stand next to the
Levi'im on Mount Gerizim when the
Levi'im stand to bless the people, Shimon, etc. (This I found in the name of one of the
gedolim). It seems to me that his proof [that the Levites said the blessing] is because it is written, "The
Levi'im are to respond and say to every man of Yisroel, etc." This indicates that the
Levi'im said the curses, and similarly they are the ones who said the blessings, because before saying "cursed is the man" they would say "blessed is the man." You cannot say that when it is written, "The
Levi'im are to respond" it means that the
Levi'im proclaim [the blessing] first, and the people [respond] after them, because if so it should have said, "The
Levi'im and every man of Yisroel are to proclaim and say, etc." And also, what is the meaning of the verse "say to every man of Yisroel" if they [Yisroel] themselves were among those saying the curse? Perforce the
Levi'im were the ones who said the blessings and curses, and they directed their faces as Rashi explains. And when it says, "The following will stand to bless the people, etc.," it is as if it said, "These will stand on Mount Gerizim when the
Levi'im come to bless the people." And who are the ones to stand on Mount Gerizim? "Shimon and Levi, etc." You might ask that it is written, "The following will stand to bless the people, etc. Levi and Yehudah, etc.," which indicates that Levi too stood on Mount Gerizim just like the other tribes, so how could Rashi explain that "the
kohanim and
Levi'im and the ark [were] below, at the center"? The answer is that there are two kinds of
Levi'im, those who are fit to serve, which is until they reach fifty years, and those who are not fit to serve, which is from fifty upwards. Those who were fit to serve stood below, while those who were not fit to serve stood on the mountain (Beraisa in Chapter
Eilu Ne'emarin,
Sotah 37a).