AND THOU SHALT WRITE UPON THEM ALL THE WORDS OF THIS LAW. Rabbi Abraham ibn Ezra wrote in the name of the Gaon1 that "they wrote upon the stones a list of the commandments like those written down in the 'Hilchoth Gedoloth,'2 in the form of Azharoth ('Exhortations' of the liturgical poets). And the meaning of the expression 'ba'eir heiteiv' (very plainly)3 refers to the writing" [i.e., that it be in legible script, but it does not mean "well explained," since only a brief list of the commandments rather than a detailed rendering was inscribed upon the stones].
And our Rabbis have said4 [that 'ba'eir heiteiv'5 means] in the seventy languages [of the peoples of the world]. Now, we find in the Book of Tagin (crownlets)6 that the entire Torah was written on them [i.e., the stones] — from the beginning of Bereshith to in the sight of all Israel7 — with its crownlets and its flourishes, and from there all the crownlets in the entire Torah were copied. It is likely that either these stones were huge, or it was a miraculous event [for, otherwise, it would have been impossible to inscribe so much on a few stone tablets].
SO THAT THOU MAYEST GO IN UNTO THE LAND. Rabbi Abraham ibn Ezra commented that it means "that G-d will help you [to come into the Land] if you begin keeping His commandments, for this was the first commandment [that they were to observe] upon coming into the Land." In my opinion the expression so that thou mayest go in unto the Land alludes to all the words of the Torah, the verse stating that you are to write upon the stones all the words of this Law when thou art passed over the Jordan immediately so that thou mayest go into the Land, for it was for the sake of the Torah that you will have come there. Similarly, so that thy manservant and thy maidservant may rest as well as thou. And thou shalt remember that thou wast a servant in the land of Egypt8 which means: "let your manservant and your maidservant rest like you so that you shall remember that you were servants in the land of Egypt."9 Or it may be that the meaning of the verse is as follows: "you shall write upon the stones all the words of this Law to serve you as a remembrance so that you may come into the Land and conquer it and drive out all these peoples, [a conquest that will be yours only] when you will remember the Torah and keep all its commandments."
1. Rav Saadia Gaon. See Vol., II p. 99, Note 230.
2. Rabbi Shimon Kairo of the Gaonic period, who flourished in the second half of the eighth century Common Era, was the first to enumerate the Taryag Mitzvoth contained in the Torah. The listing is in the preface to his work "Hilchoth Gedoloth". His concept was utilized by the Paitanim, the writers of liturgical poetry who wrote various Azharoth (Exhortations), liturgical poems containing the Divine Commandments. — It should be noted that while the "Hilchoth Gedoloth" contains the first historical record in our possession of an attempt at enumerating the individual commandments, there is no doubt that the author drew upon older sources of such lists, and as Rabbeinu Saadia Gaon writes here, such "a list of the commandments" was written upon the stones by Moses.
3. (8).
4. Sotah 32a.
5. (8).
6. See Vol. I, p. 11.
7. Further, 34:12.
8. Above, 5:14-15.
9. The thought conveyed is as follows: Scripture usually writes the phrase 'l'ma'an' (so that …) as the effect of an event although the intent thereof is really for the cause of the event. Thus in the verse before us the order of the words is: And thou shalt write upon them … 'so that thou mayest' go in unto the Land. From this it would appear that the cause is the writing upon the stones, and the effect is the coming into the Land. Ramban points out that the real thought of the verse is: you are coming into the Land so that you may write G-d's Torah upon the stones. Thus the cause is the coming into the Land and the effect is the writing upon the stones. The word 'l'ma'an' (so that) although written with reference to the coming into the Land refers to the writing upon the stones. A similar case is the verse referring to the Sabbath where the word 'l'ma'an' (so that) appears with the cause [so that your servants may rest] but should be interpreted with the effect, the remembering of your being a servant. Therefore, the sense of the text is, let your servants rest so that you will remember that you too, were servants in the land of Egypt.