(9-10) And it shall be, if there should remain from the sword of the enemy ten men even in one house [they shall die].
And he shall carry him away, shall his kinsman, and burn (for) him (incense): (The one who shall perform this rite shall be) the one closest to him, who is responsible for burying him and for burning for him burnings of mixtures and compounds1 in (his) honor.2
And he shall carry him away… to take out bones from the house: to empty
the house and to cast out, as it says later:
a multitude of corpses in every place, strewn about (Amos 8:3).
At the back of the house: at its end.3
Are there yet with you: i.e., in the place where you are, bones, that we may carry them out?4 (He shall say), None: All have been destroyed.
He shall say “Hush!”: Be quiet, and don’t cry, lest the enemy sense us, for the city is surrounded by them, for
it is not the time to cry out nor even
to mention the name of the Lord, and to cry out to him for help, since it is a time of evil, and it is not possible to cancel the decree anymore through weeping in prayer or in crying out.
5 This is what is meant above
therefore shall the prudent man in that time be silent (Amos 5:13) from weeping over his brother and over his kinsman, for he knows that
it is a time of evil from the Lord (ibid.), and it is His revenge,
6 and they shall be of no avail — weeping and crying out.
He shall be silent (in Amos 5:13) should be understood as in the context of
and Aaron was silent (Leviticus 10:3).
7
To make mention of the name of the LORD: This is like
whereas we, in the name of the LORD our God, will call (Psalms 20:8). The essence of this Scriptural passage comes to say that their corpses will rot,
8 and they shall not be lamented or buried; like dung on the surface of the ground shall they be (Jeremiah 16:4) — on account of their pleasures with which they pleasured themselves,
not being concerned about the fracture of Joseph (Amos 6:6). And so does it say below:
a multitude of corpses in every place, strewn about (Amos 8:3):
strewn about: Without a burial.
Hush9: with no lamenting.
1. Rabbi Eliezer alludes to the royal mourning rites described in 2 Chronicles 16:14.
2. This is a difficult verse. Although the word “incense” is not present here, I have supplied it in the translation, since that is how Rabbi Eliezer understands the verse. To translate literally, “to burn him,” as if the MT hapox legomenon מסרפו, mesarfo, were equivalent to the verb ש-ר-ף (but which is elsewhere never found in the pi’el conjugation, as it is here), would suggest a burial rite virtually unattested in Israelite culture. See Paul (1991), 214–16 for this and other explanations. It is typical of Rabbi Eliezer’s independence that he offers a contextual explanation that suggests burial practices so far removed from rabbinic custom.
3. Rabbi Eliezer wants the reader to know that in this instance, the word ירכתי, yarketei, that can otherwise mean “the innermost part” or “the deepest part” (cf., e.g., Jonah 1:5), instead means “at the rear” of the house.
4. Rabbi Eliezer thus fills out an elliptical, two-word question, on the basis of the earlier part of the verse.
5. This atypically long comment of Rabbi Eliezer seems to speak as much to his contemporary Jewish community as it does to explain the circumstances of the Israelites of Amos’ time.
6. So Poznanski reads the MS (1913), 151; Cohen (2012), 129 reads “the revenge of the LORD.” The manuscript allows for either reading.
7. Note that Rabbi Eliezer, in commenting on a word in passing, in a verse that he had ostensibly brought only to explain the text of Amos 6:10 (!), has chosen another context full of pathos and pain, in which Aaron had seen his own sons inexplicably struck down on the celebratory day of priestly investiture.
8. See Isaiah 34:3.
9. Having just commented on a word (“strewn about”) that appears in Amos 8:3, it is not clear if Rabbi Eliezer is now commenting on the word הס, has (“hush”) in Amos 6:10 or in 8:3. In either case, his explanation fits both contexts.