[Siman 10]
And Isaac trembled very exceedingly (Gen. 27:33). May it please our master to teach us the blessing one pronounces upon tasting oil. Thus do our masters teach us: One who tastes oil should say: “Blessed be He who hath created the fruit of the tree.” R. Yosé the son of Zevid said (that) the Mishnah states: This blessing is pronounced over the fruit of every tree but one. Over wine one offers the blessing: “Blessed be He who hath created the fruit of the vine.”
1 Why is wine blessed differently than other beverages? Because wine was used as a libation on the altar,
2 and Jacob received his blessing on account of it.
When Isaac sent Esau to hunt for venison that he might eat, the Holy Spirit revealed it to Rebecca, as it is said: And Rebecca heard when Isaac spoke to Esau, his son (ibid., v. 5). And she said to Jacob: Now, therefore, my son, hearken to my voice according to that which I command thee; go now to the flock and fetch me from thence two good goats (ibid., vv. 8–9). R. Berechiah said in the name of R. Helbo: She told him that they (the goats) would be good for you and good for your descendants, for they will obtain forgiveness through them on the Day of Atonement.3 Then he brought his father the food and wine, which he ate and drank. After that he blessed him, as is said: Therefore, God give thee of the dew of heaven…. Let peoples serve thee (ibid., v. 29).
[Siman 11]
And Isaac trembled very exceedingly (Gen. 27:33). What is written before this?
Jacob was yet scarce gone out from the presence of Isaac, his father (ibid., v. 30). This indicates that as one withdrew, the other entered. How could this happen? A person standing in a lighted area is unable to see a person standing in a dark place, while a person standing in a dark place can see one standing in a lighted area. Thus Esau, who came from the marketplace, was unable to see Jacob, who was inside the house, but Jacob could see him as he hid behind the door. As soon as Esau entered the room, Jacob slipped out, as it is said:
And Jacob was yet scarce gone out … that Esau, his brother, came in from his hunting (ibid.).
How did Jacob know when to go in to his father so that Esau would not precede him and receive the blessing? As soon as Esau went out to hunt, the Holy One, blessed be He, sent Satan after him to keep him from catching anything until Jacob had received the blessing, as it is said concerning Esau:
Set thou a wicked man over him, and let an adversary stand at his right hand (Ps. 109:6).
How did he do that? When Esau caught a deer, he would tether it and then set out to catch another deer. In the meantime Satan would release the deer that had been caught and permit it to escape. When Esau returned, he was unable to find the deer. He repeated this a second and a third time. And thus it says:
A slothful man shall not catch his prey (Prov. 12:27). He was forced to roam about for hours while Jacob received the blessings. Hence, Scripture states:
And Jacob was yet scarce gone out from the presence of Isaac, his father, that Esau, his brother, came in from his hunting. When the wicked Esau entered, he called out to his father impudently:
Let my father arise, and eat of his son’s venison (Gen. 27:31). It is of him that Scripture states:
When the wicked cometh, there cometh also contempt (Prov. 18:3).
Who, then, is he that hath trapped venison? (ibid.). Why is the word trapped repeated in the text?4 Isaac said to Esau: “You went out to trap, and you were trapped.” “Why are you upset?” Esau asked. He replied: I have eaten of all (ibid.); that is, everything that the Holy One, blessed be He, created during the six days of creation was contained in the food I ate before you entered, and I blessed him. Isaac desired to withdraw the blessing he had conferred upon Jacob and to declare instead: “Cursed shall ye be,” but the Holy One, blessed be He, rebuked him, saying: What are you doing? You are, in fact, cursing yourself, for you said to him: Cursed be everyone that curseth thee, and blessed be everyone that blesseth thee (ibid., v. 29). He changed his mind and confirmed the blessings, saying: Yea, and he shall be blessed (ibid., v. 33).
[Siman 12]
And Isaac trembled exceedingly (Gen. 27:33). Scripture states elsewhere in allusion to this verse:
The hearing ear, and the seeing eye, the Lord hath made even both of them (Prov. 20:12). Did the Holy One, blessed be He, fashion only the eye and the ear? Did He not form all of man’s organs? What is the meaning of the words
The hearing ear and the seeing eye? You find that three of man’s organs fashioned by the Holy One, blessed be He, are under the control of man, and three are not under his control. Man controls the functioning of his hands, his mouth, and his feet. How is that? In the case of his hands, if he desires to, he may devote them to sacred purposes, such as building a sukkah, fashioning a lulav, a shofar, (or) fringes, or writing the (scriptural) portions which are deposited in phylacteries and mezuzahs. Conversely, if he so desires, he may steal, shed innocent blood, or attack travelers with his hands. Indeed, he can commit many transgressions with his hands. As to his mouth, if he desires, he can study the Torah, speak kindly, extol, praise, and pray unto the Holy One, blessed be He, and he can also sing psalms. Conversely, if he so desires, he can speak slanderously, blaspheme and revile the Lord, and swear falsely with his mouth. With regard to his feet, a man may choose to use them to go about in the performance of good deeds—to visit the sick, comfort the mourner, bury the dead, and to do other charitable deeds; but conversely, if he so desires, he can use them to transgress—to commit adultery, to murder, or to steal.
The organs not under a man’s control are his eyes, his ears, and his nose. And how is that? In the case of a man’s eyes, he may witness the performance of a sinful deed, behold a repulsive sight, or see a man or a figure of authority he would prefer not to meet as he walks through the marketplace. What alternative has he? He must see them even though it might be to his disadvantage. In regard to the ear, a man hears blasphemous or sacrilegious remarks, or other things he does not wish to hear. What can he do? He hears them even though he does not desire to. As for the nose, a man walking on a highway smells unclean cooking, idolatrous incense, or the filth in the street even though it is distasteful to him. What alternative has he? He smells it even though he does not wish to.
When the Holy One, blessed be He, wills it, even the organs under a man’s control may be taken out of his control. How do we know this? We know it from Moses, Balaam, Jonah, Jeremiah, and Jeroboam. Where do we learn this about Moses? R. Samuel the son of Nahman said: The Holy One, blessed be He, tried for seven days to persuade Moses from the midst of the burning bush, as is said:
Come now, therefore, and I will send thee unto Pharaoh (Exod. 3:11), but Moses replied:
O Lord, I am not a man of words, neither heretofore, nor since Thou hast spoken unto thy servant (ibid. 4:10). This verse indicates that the Holy One, blessed be He, tried for seven days to persuade him to go to Pharaoh.
5 He replied:
Send please, whomever you will send. The Holy One, blessed be He, rebuked him, saying: Do you believe that your feet are under your control? Thereupon, Moses went to Pharaoh against his will. In the case of Jonah, the Holy One, blessed be He, said to him:
Arise, go to Nineveh, that great city (Jonah 1:2).
But Jonah rose up to flee unto Tarshish from the presence of the Lord; and he went down to Joppa (ibid., v. 3). Ultimately, He inflicted upon him all the terrors of the sea: The fish swallowed him, and he cried out to the Holy One, blessed be He, from the belly of the fish; and the hair of his head and beard fell out because of the heat within the fish’s belly. Finally, he went to Nineveh, even though he did not desire to do so.
In the case of Jeremiah, the Holy One, blessed be He, told him:
Before I formed thee in the belly, I knew thee (Jer. 1:5).
Then said I: “Ah, Lord God! behold, I cannot speak; for I am a child (ibid., v. 6). The Holy One, blessed be He, thereupon responded:
Say not: “I am a child”; for to whomsoever I shall send thee, thou shalt go, and whatsoever I shall command thee, thou shalt speak (ibid., v. 7); that is, against your will you will go, and against your will you will speak.
When the Holy One, blessed be He, desires it, even one’s hands are not under man’s control. When did this occur? At the time that the prophet Iddo visited Jeroboam the son of Nabat: And behold, there came a man of God out of Judah by the word of the Lord unto Beth-El; and Jeroboam was standing by the altar to offer. And he cried against the altar by the word of the Lord, and said: “O altar, altar, thus saith the Lord: Behold, a son shall be born unto the house of David, Josiah by name; and upon thee shall he sacrifice the priests of the high places that offer upon thee, and men’s bones shall they burn upon thee” (I Kings 13:1–2). Why is the word altar repeated in this verse? Because of the two altars, one at Beth-El and the other at Dan, at which golden calves were erected. And men’s bones is stated rather than “Jeroboam’s bones,” to emphasize that the prophet was respectful toward the government. Jeroboam said immediately: “This man is a fool.” Whereupon the prophet replied: This is the sign … Behold, the altar shall be rent, and the ashes that are upon it shall be poured out (ibid., v. 3). And the altar was rent, and the ashes poured out from the altar, according to the sign which the man of God had given (ibid., v. 5)
And it came to pass, when the king heard the saying of the man of God, which he cried against the altar in Beth-El, that Jeroboam put forth his hand from the altar, saying: “Lay hold on him.” And his hand, which he put forth against him, dried up, so that he could not draw it back to him (ibid., v. 4). When Jeroboam brought offerings to the idols, his hand did not dry up, but when he stretched forth his hand against the prophet, it did dry up. From this fact, you learn that the Holy One, blessed be He, was more concerned about the honor of that righteous man than about His own honor. The prophet exclaimed: “Do you believe that your hand is under your control?” Thereupon the king beseeched the man of God: Entreat now the favor of the Lord thy God, and pray for me, that my hand may be restored me, etc. (ibid., v. 6).
Similarly, one’s feet are not always within one’s control. There is a biblical verse that confirms this:
A man’s goings are of the Lord; how, then, can man look to his way? (Prov. 20:24). Frequently, a man will depart upon a journey without knowing his ultimate destination; whether it will be for good or evil, for death or for life. Thus Elijah told the Arameans:
This is not the way, neither is this the city (II Kings 6:19). The mouth likewise is not completely under man’s control. We learn this from the experience of Balaam and Isaac. Regarding Balaam, it is said:
Nevertheless, the Lord thy God would not hearken unto Balaam, but the Lord thy God turned the curse unto a blessing (Deut. 23:6). In reference to Isaac we find that when Esau entered, Isaac began to tremble and was on the verge of saying: “Cursed shall he be.” The Holy One, blessed be He, called out to him: What do you intend to do? Do you believe that your mouth is under your control? Thereupon he reconsidered and said:
Blessed shall he be. Thus, it is said:
The hearing ear, and the seeing eye, the Lord hath made even both of them (Prov. 20:12).
[Siman 13]
And Isaac trembled very exceedingly (Gen. 27:33). Scripture states elsewhere in allusion to this verse:
The fear of man bringeth a snare; but whoso putteth his trust in the Lord shall be set up on high (Prov. 29:25). Because of the fear that Jacob brought upon Isaac, it would have been fitting for him to have cursed him. Who compelled him to bless Jacob?
Whoso putteth his trust in the Lord shall be set up on high. R. Levi said in the name of R. Hama the son of Hanina: Isaac was terrified twice, once when he was bound upon the altar, and again when Esau entered. There is no way of knowing which event frightened him more, but since the word
exceedingly is mentioned in this verse, you may presume that this was the more terrifying experience. The Holy One, blessed be He, said to Israel: Because of the evil inclination, you do not pursue My ways in this world, but in the future I will place within you a new heart;
And I will put a new spirit within you; and I will remove the stony heart out of your flesh, and will give you a heart of flesh (Ezek. 11:19).
[Siman 14]
A song of ascents. I will lift up mine eyes to the mountains (Ps. 121:1). Scripture alludes here to the verse
Who art thou, O great mountain before. Zerubbabel? Thou shalt become a plain (Zech. 4:7). This verse refers to the Messiah, the descendant of David. Why was he called a
great mountain? Because he will be greater than the patriarchs, as is said:
Behold, My servant shall prosper, he shall be exalted and lifted up, and shall be very high (Isa. 52:13).
He shall be exalted above Abraham;
lifted up above Isaac; and
shall be very high above Jacob.
He shall be exalted above Abraham, concerning whom it is said:
I have lifted up my hand unto the Lord (Gen. 14:22);
lifted up above Moses, of whom it is said:
That thou shouldst say unto me: Carry them in thy bosom (Num. 11:12); and
shall be very high like the ministering angels, concerning whom it is said:
As for their wings, they were high (Ezek. 1:18). Hence Scripture says:
Who art thou, O great mountain?
From whom will the Messiah descend? From Zerubbabel. Why was he called Zerubbabel? Because he was born in Babel (Babylonia). From whom did Zerubbabel descend? From David, as it is said: And Solomon’s son was Rehoboam; Abijah his son … and Delaiah, and Anani, seven (I Chron. 3:10–24). To whom does Anani refer? To the Messiah, as is said: For who hath despised the day of small things? Even they shall see with joy the plummet in the hand of Zerubbabel, even these seven (Zech. 4:10). And it is written elsewhere: I saw in the night visions, and, behold, there came with clouds (ananei) of heaven, one like unto a son of man (Dan. 7:13).
Even these seven. What is indicated by the phrase
even these seven? The word
seven is explained by what is written concerning the King Messiah:
Who hath despised the day of small things? … even these seven (Zech. 4:10). That is why it is said:
Who art thou, O great mountain. Scripture states elsewhere concerning him:
But with righteousness shall he judge the poor (Isa. 11:4),
and he shall bring forth the top stone with shoutings of “Grace, grace, unto it” (Zech. 4:7). After that it is written:
And then was the iron, the clay, the brass … broken in pieces together … and the stone that smote the image became a great mountain, and filled the whole earth (Dan. 2:35). Thus it is said:
Who art thou, O great mountain? From whence shall he come? He shall come by way of the mountain path, as is said:
How beautiful upon the mountains are the feet of the messenger of good tidings (Isa. 52:7). At that time, Israel will look upwards and say:
I will life up mine eyes unto the mountains: From whence shall my help come? My help cometh from the Lord, who made heaven and earth (Ps. 121:1). Amen, and so may it be.