*רוּם, vb. be high, exalted, rise (OHeb, Ph., Old Aramaic, Palm., all in n.pr.; Sab. in רים epith. dei et regis Fell ^{liv (1900), 25 f.} also in n.pr. Mordtm ^{ib. xxx (1876), 36} SabDenkm ^{14, 1. 1}; Arabic رام be high, dial. of Oman (Jayakar ^{xxi. 813, 875}) and Zanzibar (Prä ^{xxxiv (1880), 218}); Ethiopic in deriv.; Aramaic רָם ܪܘܡ (very often in der. spec. and deriv.));

Qal Pf. 3 ms. consec. וְרָם Dt 8:14 +; 3 fs. רָ֫מָה 1 S 2:1 +; וְרָאֲמָה Zc 14:10 v. רָאַם; 3 pl. רָמוּ Pr 30:13 Ps 131:1, רָ֑מּוּ Jb 22:12 (Baer Gi; Ges ^{20 l}); Impf. יָרוּם Is 30:18 +, juss. יָרֹם Nu 24:7, וַיָּ֫רָם Ho 13:6 Ez 10:4 [וַיָּרֻם Ex 16:20 v. רמם]; 3 mpl. יְרֻמ֑וּן Is 49:11, etc.; Imv. ms. ר֫וּמָה Ps 21:14 +; Inf. cstr. רוּם Dt 17:20 Ez 10:16, כְּרֻם Ps 12:9 [Bae conj. כֶּרֶם, sf. רוֹמָם Ez 10:17 (Ges ^{72 q}); Pt. רָם Is 6:1 +, pl. רָמִים 2:13 +, cstr. רָמֵי 10:33, etc.;

1.
a. be high, lit. rock (in fig.) Ps 61:3 (מִן comp.); be (seton) high, רָ֑מּוּ Jb 22:12 (of stars), especially pt., = adj., in gen. Is 2:12 ( + גֵּאֶה), of mts. v 14 Dt 12:2, hill Ez 6:13, 20:28; 34:6, throne Is 6:1, trees = tall 2:13 Ez 17:22, cf. (in fig.) Is 10:33 (רָמֵי הַקּוֹמָה); human stature Dt 1:28 (מִן comp.), 2:10, 21; 9:2; רָמִים Ps 78:69 heights (of heaven; || אֶרֶץ); רָמִים of inhab. of heavens Jb 21:22.
b. especially of י׳, רָם וְנִשָּׂא Is 57:15, cf. Ps 138:6, + עַל־כַּל־הָעַמִּים 99:2, גּוֹיִם 113:4.

2. be raised, uplifted:
a. of highway Is 49:11 (made high, put in order); voice, Dt 27:14 (pt. = adj.) uplifted.
b. fig.: of hand, symbol of might, Dt 32:27, + עַל pers. Mi 5:8; of Isr. in Exodus בְּיָד רָמָה Ex 14:8 Nu 33:3; of י׳’s hand Is 26:11 Ps 89:14 (|| תָּעֹז); fig. of presumption Nu 15:30; זְרוֹעַ רָמָה of might Jb 38:15; of eyes, fig. of arrogance Pr 6:17; 30:13 Ps 131:1 (|| גָּבַהּ לִבִּי), so 18:28, but || 2 S 22:28 of pers.; of heart, fig. of reckless elation, Ho 13:6 Dt 8:14 Ez 31:10 (בְּגָבְהוֹ, || גָּבַהְתָּ בְּקוֹמָה) Dn 11:12, + מִן pers. Dt 17:20; of horn, fig. of triumph 1 S 2:1 (song), Ps 89:25 (v 18 see Hiph.), 112:9, so head 27:6 ( + עַל pers.), 140:9 (join ירומו to v 10, but read יָרִימוּ Che, cf. Hup-Now).
c. of pers., be exalted (in fig.), king Nu 24:7 (+ מִן comp.; || תִּנַּשֵּׂא); of God (י׳, i. e. show his exaltation) Is 30:18 2 S 22:47 = Ps 18:47, Ps 21:14; 46:11⁽⁺⁾, + עַל־(הַ)שָּׁמַיִם 57:6, 12; 108:6; עֶבֶד י׳ Is 52:13, י׳’s people Ps 89:17; rebellious 66:7 (Qr; Kt Hiph.: show exaltation); worthlessness (personif.) Ps 12:9; foe 13:3; city Pr 11:11.

3. be lifted, rise, of ark, מֵעַל־הארץ Gn 7:17, so of cherubim Ez 10:16, cf. v 17; כְּבוֹד י׳ v 4 (מֵעַל הַכְּרוּב). – Pr 24:7 v. i. רָאמוֹת p. 910 b.

Pōʿlēl Pf. 3 fs. sf. רֹמְמָ֑תְהוּ Ez 31:4; 1 s. רוֹמַמְתִּי Is 1:2; 23:4; Impf. 3 ms. יְרוֹמֵם Ho 11:7, sf. יְרוֹמְמֵנִי Ps 27:5, וִירוֹמִמְךָ 37:34; 1 s. sf. וַאֲרֹמְמֶ֑נְהוּ Ex 15:2 (Ges ^{58 i}), etc. (אֵרוֹמָם v. Hithpōʿl.); Imv. mpl. רוֹמְמוּ Ps 99:5, 9; Inf. cstr. לְרוֹמֵם Ezr 9:9; Pt. מְרוֹמֵם 1 S 2:7, sf. מְרוֹמְמִי Ps 9:14, f. רוֹמֵמָה 118:16 (מ om., Hup-Now Bae; cf. Kö^{. 454});

1.
a. raise, rear, children Is 1:2; 23:4 (both || גִּדֵּל).
b. cause tree to grow, subj. תְּהוֹם Ez 31:4 (|| גִּדֵּל).
c. rear, erect, temple Ezr 9:9.

2. life up:
a. in fig., acc. pers., subj. י׳ Ps 27:5 ( + בְּצוּר); + מִן comp. 2 S 22:49 = Ps 18:49, + מִן from 9:14; acc. om. Ho 11:7 (si vera l., cf. We Now).
b. raise waves of sea, subj. wind, Ps 107:25.
c. exalt, acc. pers., subj. י׳ Jb 17:4 (read perhaps תְּרִמֵם, so Bu, cf. Di), Ps 37:34 ( + לָרֶשֶׁת אָ֑רֶץ); acc. om. 1 S 2:7 Ps 118:16 (in victory); subj. wisdom, acc. pers. Pr 4:8, cf. צְדָקָה תְּרוֹמֵם־גּוֹי 14:34.

3. exalt, extol, acc. י׳, Ps 30:2, || אוֹדֶה Is 25:1 Ps 118:28, || הִשְׁתַּחֲווּ 99:5, 9, || הִלֵּל 107:32, || בֵּרַךְ 145:1, || אַנְוֵהוּ Ex 15:2, acc. שֵׁם י׳ Ps 34:4 (|| גִּדֵּל).

Pōʿlal Impf. 3 fpl. תְּרוֹמַמְנָה Ps 75:11 be lifted up, of horns (cf. Qal 2 b); Pf. 3 ms. וְרוֹמַם 66:17 and he was extolled (so Ki al.; but v. רוֹמָם infr.); Pt. מְרוֹמַם Ne 9:5 extolled, of י׳’s name (cf. Pōʿlēl 3), + עַל־בְּרָכָה וג׳.

Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. הֵרִים 1 K 11:27 +; 2 ms. הֲרִימוֹתָ 2 K 19:22 Ps 89:43, וַהֲרֵמֹתָ֫ Nu 31:28; 2 mpl. consec. וַהֲרֵמֹתֶם 18:26, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יָרִים Gn 41:44 +, juss. יָרֵם Nu 17:2 1 S 2:10, וַיָּ֫רֶם Ex 7:20 +, sf. וַיְרִימֶהָ Gn 31:45, etc.; Imv. ms. הָרֵם Ex 14:16 Is 58:1, הָרִימָה Ps 74:3, etc.; Inf. cstr. הָרִים Is 10:15 +, sf. הֲרִימִי Gn 39:18, etc.; Pt. מֵרִים Ex 35:24 +, etc.;

1.
a. (1) raise, lift, c. acc., hand Ex 17:11, Nu 20:11, + אֶל־י׳ (in oath) Gn 14:22 cf. (אֶל־הַשָּׁמַיִם) Dn 12:7, + ב pers. against 1 K 11:26, 27; feet; פְּעָמִים Ps 74:3, i.e. run ( + ל dir.); hand or foot Gn 41:44, i.e. make any movement (hyperb.); head Ps 110:7 (Assyrian ullû rêšu Dl ^{62 a}), cf. יָרִימוּ 140:9 (so read, v. Qal 2 b); face, אֶל־י׳ Ezr 9:6; hand of another, subj. י׳, fig. of giving strength to, Ps 89:43, so head 3:4; c. acc. of rod Is 10:15 Ex 14:16, הֵרִים בַּמַּטֶּה 7:20; rod subj., c. acc. rei Is 10:15. (2) raise poor אֶבְיוֹן, c. מִן loc. 1 S 2:8 Ps 113:7.
b. lift up voice Gn 39:15, 18 (both + קָרָא), Is 40:9⁽⁺⁾ (acc. om.), 58:1 Ezr 3:12; + בִּתְרוּעָה Ez 21:27, בַּחֲצֹצְרוֹת 2 Ch 5:13; + ל pers. Is 13:2, לָעָב Jb 38:34, + עָל pers. against 2 K 19:22 = Is 37:23; הֵרִים בְּקוֹל 1 Ch 15:16.
c. (take into one’s hand and) lift, take up, stone Jos 4:5 (עַל־שִׁכְמוֹ), leg (of sacrif. meal) 1 S 9:24, mantle 2 K 2:13, axe 6:7 (acc. om.), yoke Ho 11:4 (עַל־לְחֵיהֶם), censers Nu 17:2 (+ מִבֵּין), ashes Lv 6:3.
d. set up, erect, stone as מַצֵּבָה Gn 31:45; standard, + אֶל of people Is 49:22, עַל 62:10.
e. set on high, throne, מִמַּעַל לְכוֹכְבֵי אֵל Is 14:13; nest (subj. נֶשֶׁר) Jb 39:27.
f. lift up, exalt, c. acc. pers., subj. י׳ 1 K 14:7; 16:2 Ps 89:20 (all c. מִן), Ps 75:8 (opp. יַשְׁפִּיל); subj. קָלוֹן Pr 3:35, cf. 14:29; c. acc. קֶרֶן, in both good and bad sense (cf. Qal 2 b) 1 S 2:10 La 2:17 (לַמָּרוֹם), Ps 89:18 (Kt; Qr Qal), 92:11; 148:14 Ps 75:5, 6; but 1 Ch 25:5 sound the horn; inf. = exaltation Ps 75:7; 66:7 v. Qal 2 c.

2. lift up and take away, remove, c. acc. הָעֲטָרָה Ez 21:31; acc. rei + מִן loc. Is 57:14, Lv 2:9; 4:8, 19; 6:8 Nu 18:30, 32; = do away with, גְּרֻשֹׁתֵיכֶם Ez 45:9 (מֵעַל of people), הַתָּמִיד Dn 8:11 (Kt; Qr Hoph.); = set apart, מֶכֶס Nu 31:28 (מִן pers.).

3. lift off and present, contribute, offer:
a. to י׳, c. acc. cogn. תְּרוּמָה, Ez 45:13; 48:8, 20 Nu 15:20⁽⁺⁾, Ex 35:24; + לי׳ Ez 45:1; 48:9 Nu 15:19; 18:19, 24; 31:52; תְּרוּמַת י׳ 18:26 ( + מִן rei), v 28, 29; ת׳ בֵּית־א׳ Ezr 8:25.
b. c. acc. rei, + לְי׳ Lv 22:15.
c. contribute, acc. rei, ל pers. (for sacrif.), 2 Ch 30:24⁽⁺⁾ 35:7, 8 (acc. om.), v 9.

Hoph. Pf. 3 ms. הוּרָ֑ם Ex 29:27, הֻרַם Dn 8:11 Qr (Kt Hiph.); Impf. 3 ms. יוּרָם Lv 4:10; – be taken off from (מִן) Lv 4:10, cf. Ex 29:27 (|| הוּנַף); be abolished Dn 8:11 Qr (cf. Hiph. 2); Bev (after G) ins. Pt. מוּרָם after הַתָּמִיד v 13.

Hithpōʿl. Impf. 3 ms. וְיִתְרוֹמֵם וַיִתְגַּדֵּל עַל־כָּל־אֵל Dn 11:36 and he shall exalt and magnify himself above, etc.; 1 s. (ת assim.) אֵרוֹמָ֔ם Is 33:10 (Ges^{54 c} Kö^{. 454}) I will raise myself ( + אָקוּם, אֶנָּשֵׂא).

*[רָמַם] vb. denom. be wormy;

Qal Impf. 3 ms. (c. acc. result, Ges ^{121 d N}) וַיָּ֫רֻם תּוֹלָעִים Ex 16:20 (Ges ^{67 n}; + וַיִּבְאַשׁ).

This dictionary is a modified version of: F. Brown, S. R. Driver, and C. A. Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (Oxford, 1906). Comments and corrections can be sent to us at: support@alhatorah.org