ימה וצפונה ותימנה ומזרחה, "westward, northward, southward and eastward.⁠" We do not find that the Bible describes the four directions of the wind in a uniform manner. Sometimes the Bible commences by mentioning the direction "east,⁠" such as in Job 23,8: הן קדם אהלך ואיננו ואחור ולא אבין לו שמאל בעשותו ולא אחז יעטוף ימין ולא אראה, "but if I go (forward) East — He is not there; and backward (West) — I still do not perceive Him; "on the left hand (North) where He does work — since He is concealed, I do not behold Him; on the right hand (South) He is hidden, and I cannot see Him.⁠" This is the appropriate order in which the directions should be referred to seeing they represent two straight lines, East to West and North to South. The sequence we find in Job also corresponds to the promise God made to Yaakov in his dream (Genesis 28,14) "you will spread out West and East, North and South.⁠" On other occasions such as Genesis 13,14, North is mentioned first, such as when God said to Avraham: "raise your eyes please and look from the place where you are standing, to the North, to the South, to the East and to the West.⁠"
It is possible that the reason that in the case of Yaakov and Moses the reason why the Torah commences by mentioning West first is that the Shechinah which descended with Yaakov to Egypt (Megillah 29) is perceived as being in the West (Baba Batra 25). Here too, Moses addresses the Shechinah in the first instance and mentions תימנה as "southward,⁠" instead of the more customary נגבה. The reason may be that in this way he was able to include one half of the Holy Name, i.e. either י-ה, or ו-ה in each of the four directions he made mention of. Had he said ונגבה, the second י-ה would have been missing. We must remember that Moses had previously exalted God by calling Him א-ל אלו-הי הרוחות, "the Lord God Who presides over the winds (directions of the earth).
The reason why God used the words עיניך twice when He responded to Moses' prayer and why He told him to "raise" his eyes before looking and to physically ascend the summit is because from that location he would be able to behold the four corners of the land with his physical eyes and at the same time understand by means of focusing with his mental eyes on the four-lettered name of Hashem which symbolizes the highest מרכבה, on all directions of the world.

You should appreciate that the four directions of the world, i.e. מזרח, מערב, צפון, דרום, are known by three names each. מזרח, (East) is known as מזרח, קדם or פנים. West is known as either מערב, ים or אחור. South is known as דרום, נגב or ימין. North is known as צפון, אסתן or שמאל. the meaning of these various terms for these directions is as follows: The reason the Hebrew word מזרח means East, is that the sun "shines" זורחת in the morning from the East. The reason it is also called קדם is because it proceeds in a forward direction from the East as it spreads its light over more parts of the globe. It is also called פנים (face) as when God created man he made him face East after completing him. His back faced westward, his right side southward, and his left side northward.
The name מערב for West, i.e. "mixing,⁠" derives from the fact that the sun sets in the West; it is a time when the shadows merge, become confused and indistinct. It is also called ים as the great Sea, the Mediterranean, is the western boundary of the Holy Land. It is also called אחור, "rear,⁠" seeing its counterpart, East, is also known as קדם, "front.⁠" Incidentally, Onkelos calls the Mediterranean the ים האחרון, "the Sea of the rear,⁠" or "the ים המערבאה, the Sea of the West.⁠" The word אחור, meaning "West" occurs in the verse from Job 23,8-9 we quoted earlier. The South is known as דרום, seeing that at its highest point at midday the sun is high in the sky. The word דרום is a combination of the two words דר רום, "residing on high.⁠" Alternatively, we may view the word as an acrostic of דרך רום from Chabakuk 3,10 רום ידהו נשאת "lifted up his hands on high.⁠"
The reason South is called נגב, is that that direction is very dry, exposed to extreme heat of the sun which spreads out over that region more than on any other. This is what Solomon referred to when he said (Kohelet 1,6) "it travels toward the South and then describes a turn moving northward.⁠" Solomon uses the verb הלך in connection with the sun's motion while shining, whereas he uses the verb סבב, "turning,⁠" when describing the sun's motion when out of view of man's eyes. We have been told by the "scientists" that it happened once that someone living in the South forgot a wooden bowl outside and left it lying outside in the midst of the sun's rays in the middle of the summer. When he returned to pick it up in the evening he found it completely dried out, shrunk as if it had been burned by the fire. This is why the South is called נגב i.e. "dried up.⁠" We know this from Judges 1,15 where Calev's daughter complains to her father that the land she was given was parched, dried out, deprived of water, and she requested sources of water to offset it. The Targum there renders the words ארע דרומא, normally translated as "southern land,⁠" as ימין, the right side, seeing that it is on the right of man as he was when first created, i.e. facing East. It is also possible that the reason for this translation is that the sun always has the south on its right. We have a verse in Daniel 1,5 וימן להם המלך, "the king provided for them.⁠" This is the reason the provisions the Israelites received in the desert from heaven were called מן. The word reflects the fact that it was ready for them on a daily basis, i.e. available like "provisions.⁠" The North is also called צפון because the sun is perceived as "hiding" in that region while invisible to man at night. Furthermore, the northern extremes of the globe are known to be unfit for human habitation. Our sages in Baba Batra 25 interpret Job 26,7 נוטה צפון על תהו to mean that "He stretches Tzafon over chaos" means that the north wind does not operate there.
The word אסתן is not a Biblical term but one coined by our sages occurring as a proverb in Ketuvot 23 and meaning that when someone's witnesses are in an inaccessible, "hidden" region, how can they be relied on? Rashi understands the word as meaning "north.⁠" The author quotes some sources showing that the north wind is associated with therapeutic qualities, [maybe freezing kills the bacteria. Ed.]. At any rate, this would agree with the tradition that the Israelites did not circumcise their children while in the desert due to the absence of this North wind and its therapeutic effects on wounds.
The reason North is also known as שמאל, left, is that when man faces East, as we said, North is always on his left. It may also be due to the fact that it is on "the wrong side" of the sun, i.e. the sun never shining in that direction. The "left,⁠" basically is associated with negative connotations, something inferior. The word, phonetically speaking, is related to סומא, "a blind person.⁠" When we speak about something hidden, the Talmud uses the term סמוי מן העין, "hidden from the eye.⁠"
According to a Midrash quoted in Tosafot Baba Batra 25 the reason that David spoke about Adam describing himself as having been created "both forward and backward" (Psalms 92,8), was because he faced forward toward sources of light, whereas his rear faced darkness, an absence of light, i.e. the rear of the sun being perceived as having no light to radiate. His right side, the one always exposed to the light of the sun was called "right,⁠" his left, the northern side, always out of reach of the sun was called שמאל. This is the side with which man does not perform his work.

כי לא תעבור את הירדן הזה, "for you are not going to cross this Jordan.⁠" God meant that even Moses' remains would not cross the river Jordan (Sifri Pinchas 135). This is what Moses had in mind when he said in 4,22: "I am going to die in this land, I will not cross the Jordan.⁠" Seeing that if he were dead he could not cross the Jordan, the last part of the verse means that even his bones would not be put to rest in Eretz Yisrael. If Moses had not previously been informed of this decree, surely he would have commanded Joshua and Eliezer to bring his remains for burial in the Holy Land. Or, he could have commanded the entire Jewish people to see to it that he would be buried in Eretz Yisrael, just as Joseph had done, and just as he must have done seeing he had carried Joseph's coffin with him all these 40 years in the desert.
Yaakov, the last of the patriarchs, one of the supports of the מרכבה, was afforded burial of his entire body in Eretz Yisrael. Joseph only had his bones buried there. Moses, who surpassed both Yaakov and Joseph in his relationship with God, did not merit to have any part of his body interred on holy soil. It was God's wish that none of Moses' body be interred in Eretz Yisrael as a form of respect for the entire generation of Jews who had died in the desert and whose remains had also not been interred in Eretz Yisrael. Also, it was a consolation for all the many hundreds of generations of Jews throughout the Diaspora who died and were buried in exile. The souls of all these people are in God's care pending the resurrection, at which time not only Moses but the vast majority of them will also be resurrected.