[Parashat Vayetze]
[1] (Gen. 28:10:)
AND JACOB SET OUT. This text is related (to Prov. 12:15):
THE WAY OF A FOOL IS RIGHT IN HIS OWN EYES. This refers to Esau the Wicked, according to what is written above (in Gen. 28:8f):
NOW ESAU SAW THAT THE DAUGHTERS OF CANAAN WERE EVIL…. SO ESAU SET OUT UNTO ISHMAEL < AND TOOK FOR A WIFE MAHALATH THE DAUGHTER OF ISHMAEL >…. He heaped trouble upon trouble. (
Prov. 12:15, cont.:)
BUT A WISE MAN LISTENS TO ADVICE. This refers to Jacob.
1 Thus it is stated (in Gen. 27:42):
NOW IT WAS REPORTED TO REBEKAH ABOUT THE WORDS OF HER ELDER SON ESAU (i.e., about his scheming).
< SO, HAVING SENT AND CALLED FOR YOUNGER SON JACOB, SHE SAID UNTO HIM: LOOK AT YOUR BROTHER ESAU. HE IS TAKING COMFORT >…. When was he taking comfort? When he would have killed you (Jacob), as stated (ibid., cont.):
HE IS TAKING COMFORT < IN SCHEMING > AGAINST YOU TO KILL YOU. (Gen. 27:43:)
SO NOW, MY SON, HEED MY VOICE. What is the meaning of
SO NOW, MY SON? She said to him: Yesterday you heeded me and received the blessings; now heed me in order to remain alive. He said to her: But is that the proper way? For me to set out without Daddy's knowledge? If he also tells me, I will do so. Immediately (we read in Gen. 28:1f.):
SO ISAAC CALLED JACOB AND BLESSED HIM…. ARISE AND GO TO PADDAN-ARAM…. As soon as he heard that, he said to him: Give me an
exiterion {i.e., travel instructions}.
2 He said to him (in vs. 3):
MAY GOD ALMIGHTY BLESS YOU. Immediately (we read in vs. 7):
SO JACOB HEEDED HIS FATHER AND HIS MOTHER AND WENT TO PADDAN-ARAM…. (Gen. 28:10:)
AND JACOB SET OUT. Ergo (in Prov. 12:15, cont.):
BUT A WISE MAN LISTENS TO ADVICE.
[2] Another interpretation (of Gen. 28:10):
AND JACOB SET OUT. This text is related (to Prov. 6:22):
WHEN YOU WALK, IT (your father's commandment and your mother's torah)
WILL GUIDE YOU. This refers to Jacob, who had been occupied with Torah when he set out from his father's house, and he did not leave it behind. Thus it is stated (ibid., cont.):
IN YOUR LYING DOWN, IT WILL WATCH OVER YOU. When? (In Gen. 28:11:)
THEN HE TOOK ONE OF THE STONES OF THE PLACE, [SET IT UNDER HIS HEAD, AND LAY DOWN IN THAT PLACE]. When he lay down, it guarded him. (
Prov. 6:22, cont.:)
AND WHEN YOU AWAKEN, IT WILL CONVERSE WITH YOU. [(Gen. 28:16:)
THEN JACOB AWAKENED FROM HIS SLEEP.]
Another interpretation (of Prov. 6:22): WHEN YOU WALK, IT WILL GUIDE YOU, < i.e., > when someone labors at Torah during his life.3 (Ibid., cont.:) IN YOUR LYING DOWN, IT WILL WATCH OVER (rt.: ShMR) YOU, [because it keeps (rt.: ShMR) him] from worm and maggot. (Ibid., cont.:) AND WHEN YOU AWAKEN, IT WILL CONVERSE WITH YOU. In the future life, when everyone shall stand in judgment, it is one's advocate4 and pleads his cause.
[3] Another interpretation (of Gen. 28:10):
AND JACOB SET OUT. This text is related (to I Sam. 2:9):
HE SHALL PROTECT THE FEET OF HIS SAINTS. This refers to Abraham when he pursued the kings. Thus it is stated (in Is. 41:2):
WHO HAS AROUSED < RIGHTEOUSNESS >5 FROM THE EAST … ? (
I Sam. 2:9, cont.:)
BUT THE WICKED SHALL PERISH IN DARKNESS. These are the sixteen kings whom he killed in the darkness, as stated (in Gen. 14:15):
THEN HE DEPLOYED < HIS FORCES > AGAINST THEM BY NIGHT.
Another interpretation (of I Sam. 2:9): HE SHALL PROTECT THE FEET OF HIS SAINTS. This refers to Jacob, when he set out to go to Haran; for the Holy One said this to him (in Gen. 28:15): SEE, I AM WITH YOU. (Ibid., cont.:) BUT THE WICKED SHALL PERISH IN DARKNESS. This refers to Esau, of whom it is stated (in Job 20:26): UTTER DARKNESS AWAITS HIS TREASURES; < AN UNFANNED FIRE SHALL CONSUME HIM >…. (Obad. 18:) THE HOUSE OF JACOB SHALL BE FIRE … AND THE HOUSE OF ESAU SHALL BE STRAW; < THEY SHALL BURN IT AND CONSUME IT >. When Esau set out to pursue Jacob, it was for ten hours that the Holy One concealed the day and made it evening. Accordingly, it is stated (in Gen. 28:11): WHEN HE CAME ACROSS A CERTAIN PLACE, < HE SPENT THE NIGHT THERE BECAUSE THE SUN HAD SET >. So Esau remained in the darkness and did not know where he was going. Thus it is stated (in I Sam. 2:9): BUT THE WICKED SHALL PERISH IN DARKNESS. Why? (Ibid., cont.:) BECAUSE ONE SHALL NOT PREVAIL BY STRENGTH. The Holy One said to him: Perhaps you think you are mighty! And in the world to come he (the Holy One) is also acting for Israel. Thus it is stated (in Ps. 97:11): LIGHT IS SOWN FOR THE RIGHTEOUS. It also says (in Prov. 4:18f.): BUT THE PATH6 OF THE RIGHTEOUS IS LIKE LUMINOUS SPLENDOR…. < BUT THE WAY OF THE WICKED IS LIKE DEEP DARKNESS; THEY DO NOT KNOW ON WHAT THEY WILL STUMBLE >. And if you have some doubts (about such treatment of the wicked), it has already happened in this world (to the Egyptians), as stated (in Exod. 10:23): NOR COULD ONE SEE HIS BROTHER.7
Another interpretation (of I Sam. 2:9): HE SHALL PROTECT THE FEET OF HIS SAINTS. When Jacob set out from his father's house, he set out with only his staff, as stated (in Gen. 32:11 [10]): FOR WITH < ONLY > MY STAFF DID I CROSS THIS JORDAN. The Holy One said to Isaac: Did your father, Abraham, do this to you? Did he not give you everything that he had? It is so stated (in Gen. 25:5): BUT ABRAHAM GAVE ALL THAT HE HAD TO ISAAC. < There is > also this (in Gen. 24:2): SO ABRAHAM SAID UNTO THE SENIOR SERVANT OF HIS HOUSE, THE ONE WHO RULED OVER ALL THAT HE HAD. R. Samuel bar Isaac said: What is the meaning of THE ONE WHO RULED? When he had made him a ruler over all that he had, he said: Even if you < must > give away everything that belongs to me, take a wife for my son from there. (Gen. 24:10:) THEN THE SERVANT TOOK TEN CAMELS FROM THE CAMELS OF HIS MASTER, AND WENT WITH ALL HIS MASTER'S GOODS IN HIS HAND. This refers to a diatheke8 {gift certificate} which he carried in his hand.9 (Ergo, in Gen. 25:5:) BUT ABRAHAM GAVE ALL THAT HE HAD TO ISAAC. The servant began distributing earrings to one woman, necklaces10 to another, and rings to still another. This is what the text means (in Prov. 11:24): THERE IS ONE WHO DISPENSES LIBERALLY AND STILL INCREASES. The Holy One has blessed him. Thus it is stated (in Gen. 25:11): AND IT CAME TO PASS AFTER THE DEATH OF ABRAHAM THAT GOD BLESSED HIS SON ISAAC. But Isaac did not do so for Jacob. Instead he had him set out empty-handed. The Holy One said (in Prov. 11:24, cont.): ANOTHER HOLDS BACK FROM WHAT IS RIGHT, YET THE RESULT IS WANT. And what happened to him (Isaac)? The Divine Presence departed from him. So you find him (the Holy One) speaking with him only when he died. Come and see what Esau the Wicked did to Jacob. He saw him empty-handed and did not show him mercy. Instead he said: See, I am ahead of him, and he cannot pass me on the way. So I will kill him there. And where is it shown? Where the prophet said so (in Amos 1:11): < THUS SAYS THE LORD: FOR THREE TRANSGRESSIONS OF EDOM AND FOR FOUR I WILL NOT RESCIND IT (the punishment) > BECAUSE HE PURSUED HIS BROTHER WITH THE SWORD. Jacob knew < about it > and raised his eyes to the Holy One. Now he had performed miracles with him (Jacob); so he put {his staff for him in his hand} [his staff into the Jordan]. Then the Jordan divided for him, and he crossed. Thus it is stated (in Gen. 32:11 [10]): FOR WITH MY STAFF DID I CROSS THIS JORDAN. So Esau was waiting on the way, but Jacob did not pass on the way. When Esau perceived that Jacob had fled and crossed the Jordan, what did he do? He pursued him and found him in a cave, a place like the bath that is in Tiberias.11 Jacob had said: There is no bread and no food at hand. I shall go in and get warm in the bath. Esau the Wicked came and had the bath surrounded the so that he would die in it. The Holy One said to him: < Since > you are the most wicked man in the world, are you to be paired12 against him? Immediately the Holy One said to Jacob: What are you afraid of? See, I am with you. Jacob said to him: Sovereign of the World, inasmuch as I am trusting you and you are making me a promise, I will have trust [and set out. (Gen. 28:10:) AND JACOB SET OUT FROM BEERSHEBA].
[4] (Gen. 28:11:) WHEN HE CAME ACROSS (rt.: PG') A CERTAIN PLACE. There is no "coming across" (rt.: PG') except for prayer. Thus it is stated (in Jer. 7:16): AS FOR YOU, DO NOT PRAY FOR THIS PEOPLE…. AND DO NOT INTERCEDE (rt.: PG') WITH ME.13 It was concerning him that David said (in Ps. 121:4-8): SEE, < THE GUARDIAN OF ISRAEL > NEITHER SLUMBERS NOR SLEEPS. THE LORD IS YOUR GUARDIAN; THE LORD IS YOUR SHADE…. BY DAY THE SUN SHALL NOT SMITE YOU…. THE LORD SHALL KEEP YOU FROM ALL EVIL…. THE LORD SHALL GUARD YOUR GOING AND YOUR COMING FROM NOW ON AND FOREVER.
Another interpretation (of Gen. 28:11):
WHEN HE CAME ACROSS (rt.: PG') A CERTAIN PLACE where the Holy Spirit rested upon him, < i.e., > upon Jacob. Then he prophesied that Israel was going to sin and that the Holy Spirit would depart from them. {Now this derives from (ibid., cont.):
BECAUSE THE SUN HAD SET. So also we find that it is written in the prophecy of Micah
(3:6):
THE SUN SHALL SET < UPON THE PROPHETS >, where it is a case of retribution and the passing away of prophecy.} Thus it is stated (in Jer. 27:18):
IF THEY ARE PROPHETS AND IF THE WORD OF THE LORD IS WITH THEM, PLEASE LET THEM INTERCEDE (rt.: PG') WITH THE LORD. < The verse > teaches that this "coming across" (rt.:
PG') is prophecy. (Gen. 28:11:)
WHEN HE CAME ACROSS (rt.: PG') A CERTAIN PLACE … BECAUSE THE SUN HAD SET. What is it that is written (in Micah 3:6)?
THE SUN SHALL SET UPON THE PROPHETS, AND THE DAY SHALL BE DARKENED.
(
Gen. 28:11, cont.:)
THEN HE TOOK SOME14 OF THE STONES OF THE PLACE, < SET THEM UNDER HIS HEAD, AND LAY DOWN IN THAT PLACE >.
15 He thought in his heart: My grandfather Abraham sired a righteous < son > and a wicked < son > from two women. Isaac was righteous, and Ishmael was wicked. Then Daddy Isaac sired a righteous < son > and a wicked < son > from one woman. As for me, since I am to take four wives, how many wicked < sons > will there be from me? The Holy One said to him: Heaven forbid! (According to Cant. 4:7)
YOU ARE BEAUTIFUL ALL OVER, MY BELOVED; THERE IS NO BLEMISH IN YOU. When he arose in the morning, he found that all of the stones were one stone. He was glad that his bed was whole, as stated (in Gen. 28:18):
THEN JACOB AROSE EARLY IN THE MORNING, <TOOK THE STONE WHICH HE HAD PUT UNDER HIS HEAD, SET IT UP AS A PILLAR >…. The Holy One said to him: By your life, just as all these stones have become one, so shall all of your sons be righteous. Thus it is stated (in Job 5:23):
FOR YOU SHALL HAVE A COVENANT WITH THE STONES OF THE FIELD, AND THE BEASTS OF THE FIELD SHALL BE AT PEACE WITH YOU.
[5] Another interpretation (of Gen. 28:10): AND JACOB SET OUT. It is written (in Is. 26:20): GO, MY PEOPLE, ENTER INTO YOUR CHAMBERS AND SHUT [YOUR DOORS] BEHIND ME.16 HIDE JUST FOR A MOMENT UNTIL MY ANGER PASSES. When you see a fateful hour, do not stand against it but give way to it. Thus it is stated: GO, MY PEOPLE, ENTER INTO YOUR CHAMBERS. Look at me, as it were, for I have perceived an hour < made > fateful through your sins. I did nothing. Instead I gave way to it, as stated (in Lam. 2:3): HE HAS WITHDRAWN HIS RIGHT HAND…. So also you, GO MY PEOPLE. Thus, the one who stands against the hour will fall into its hand; but whoever gives way to the hour will have the hour fall into his hand. Naboth stood against the hour {and stood against it} [and fell into its hand]. When Ahab said to him (in I Kings 21:2): GIVE ME YOUR VINEYARD SO THAT I MAY HAVE IT FOR A VEGETABLE GARDEN. What did he do? He said (in vs. 3): THE LORD FORBID < THAT I SHOULD GIVE YOU MY ANCESTORS' INHERITANCE >. What happened to him? He fell into the hand of the hour, as stated (in vs. 13): AND THE MEN OF BELIAL TESTIFIED AGAINST [NABOTH BEFORE THE PEOPLE…. AND THEY STONED HIM TO DEATH WITH STONES]. Abraham gave way to the hour and fled from Nimrod, the king of the Chaldeans. So the hour returned and fell into his hand when he killed sixteen kings. It is so stated (in Gen. 14:15): THEN HE DEPLOYED < HIS FORCES > AGAINST THEM BY NIGHT. Isaac also gave way to the hour when the Philistines said to him (in Gen. 26:16): GO AWAY FROM US. Immediately < the passage continues > (in vs. 17): SO ISAAC WENT AWAY FROM THERE. Then the hour returned and fell into his hand, as stated (in Gen. 26:26-28): THEN ABIMELECH CAME UNTO HIM FROM GERAR…. SO ISAAC SAID UNTO THEM: WHY HAVE YOU COME UNTO ME …? AND THEY SAID: WE HAVE CLEARLY SEEN THAT THE LORD IS WITH YOU…. Joseph also gave way to the hour. When his brothers sold him, was he not able to say: I am your brother? But he gave way to the hour, and the hour returned and fell before him, as stated (in Gen. 50:18): THEN HIS BROTHERS ALSO WENT AND FELL DOWN BEFORE HIM. Moses gave way to the hour, as stated (in Exod. 2:15): BUT MOSES FLED FROM PHARAOH. So the hour returned and fell into his hand, as stated (in Exod. 11:3): {AND} [ALSO] THE MAN MOSES WAS VERY GREAT IN THE EYES OF PHARAOH'S [SERVANTS] AND IN THE EYES OF HIS PEOPLE. David also gave way to the hour, as stated (in I Sam. 20:1): BUT DAVID FLED FROM NAIOTH. It is also written (in Ps. 3:1): WHEN HE FLED FROM HIS SON ABSALOM. And it is written (in Ps. 57:1): [WHEN HE FLED] FROM SAUL IN THE CAVE. So the hour returned and fell into his hand when Saul said to him (in I Sam. 24:21 [20]): [PLEASE] LOOK, I KNOW THAT YOU SHALL SURELY REIGN AND IN YOUR HAND THE KINGDOM OF ISRAEL SHALL ARISE. So < it was > also < with > Jacob, who fled from the hour. (Hosea 12:13 [12]:) THEN JACOB FLED TO THE LAND OF ARAM. And the hour fell into his hand, as stated (in Gen. 36:6): THEN ESAU TOOK HIS WIVES < … > AND WENT INTO A LAND AWAY FROM HIS BROTHER JACOB. Ergo (in Is. 26:20): GO, MY PEOPLE, ENTER INTO YOUR CHAMBERS.
Another interpretation (of Is. 26:20): GO, MY PEOPLE, ENTER INTO YOUR CHAMBERS. Look into the chambers of your heart, and see that it was not in proportion to your sins that I brought sufferings upon you, for YOUR CHAMBERS are nothing but kidney chambers.17 Thus it is stated (in Prov. 20:27): SEARCHING ALL THE CHAMBERS OF THE BELLY. But, if sufferings come upon you, do not open your mouth and complain against the measure of justice. Rather (according to Is. 26:20, cont.): AND SHUT YOUR DOORS BEHIND YOU. Why? (Ibid., cont.:) HIDE JUST FOR A MOMENT UNTIL MY ANGER PASSES. No sufferings ever come except they pass. Thus it is stated: HIDE JUST FOR A MOMENT UNTIL MY ANGER PASSES.
[6] (Gen. 28:12:) THEN HE DREAMED THAT HERE WAS A LADDER…. Let our master instruct us: What is the difference between the death of the righteous and the death of the wicked? R. Justa bar Shunem said in the name of R. Joshua of Sikhnin: The death of the wicked is neither on the earth nor in the heavens. For it is so written of Ahithophel (in II Sam. 17:23): THEN HE {GAVE INSTRUCTIONS UNTO HIS CHILDREN} [SET HIS HOUSE IN ORDER] AND HANGED HIMSELF. And likewise in the case of Haman, < his death was > neither on the earth nor in the heavens. It is so stated (in Esth. 7:10): THEN THEY HANGED HAMAN; and his children as well (according to Esth. 9:25): SO THAT HE AND HIS CHILDREN WOULD BE HANGED. But the death of the righteous is < both > in the heavens and on the earth, as stated (in I Sam. 25:29): YET THE LIFE OF MY LORD (David) SHALL BE FOUND IN THE BUNDLE OF THE LIVING < WITH THE LORD YOUR GOD >. Where is it shown < that the death of the righteous > is on the earth? (II Chron. 32:33:) SO THEY TOOK HIM (Hezekiah) UP AND BURIED HIM IN THE ASCENT OF THE TOMBS OF THE HOUSE OF DAVID. THUS < ALL JUDAH AND THE INHABITANTS OF JERUSALEM > PAID HIM HONOR AT HIS DEATH.
Let our master instruct us further: What is the difference between the dreams of the righteous and the dreams of the wicked? The dreams of the wicked are neither in the heavens nor on the earth. Thus it is stated (in Gen. 41:1): PHARAOH DREAMED, AND THERE HE WAS STANDING ON THE NILE. So also it is written of Nebuchadnezzar (in Dan. 4:2): {IT WAS} [I SAW] A DREAM, AND IT MADE ME AFRAID, for he was neither on the earth nor in the heavens (cf. vss. 7-8). However, the dreams of the righteous are < both > in the heavens and on the earth. You therefore find that Joseph said to his brothers (in Gen. 37:7): HERE WE WERE BINDING SHEAVES: Ergo, < his dreams were > on the earth. Where is it shown that they were also in heaven? Where it is stated (in Gen. 37:9): HERE WERE THE SUN, THE MOON, AND ELEVEN STARS BOWING DOWN TO ME. So also it was in the case of our father Jacob (according to Gen. 28:12): THEN HE DREAMED THAT HERE WAS A LADDER [PLACED ON EARTH WITH ITS TOP REACHING TO THE HEAVENS. Ergo, < his dream was both > in the heavens and on the earth].
[7] Another interpretation (of Gen. 28:12):
THEN HE DREAMED THAT HERE WAS A LADDER (rt. SLM). R. Jose the Galilean said: He showed him Manasseh making an image (rt.
SML).
18 Another interpretation (of Gen. 28:12): R. Eleazar b. R. Simeon ben {Jose} [Johay] said: He showed him an altar, as stated (in Exod. 20:21 [24], 23 [26]):
AN ALTAR OF EARTH YOU SHALL MAKE FOR ME…. AND YOU SHALL NOT GO UP BY STEPS UPON MY ALTAR.
19 (
Gen. 28:12, cont.:)
WITH ITS TOP REACHING TO THE HEAVENS. This is the cloud of incense. (Ibid., cont.:)
AND BEHOLD, THE ANGELS OF GOD. These are the priests who stand on the ramp (
KBSh)
20 of the altar and minister. R. Simeon ben Halafta said: He showed him Korah, as stated (in Numb. 16:32):
AND THE EARTH OPENED ITS MOUTH. (Gen. 28:12:)
WITH ITS TOP REACHING TO THE HEAVENS. He showed him Moses, as stated (in Exod 24:1):
THEN HE SAID UNTO MOSES: GO UP UNTO THE LORD.
Another interpretation (of Gen. 28:12):
THEN HE DREAMED THAT HERE WAS A LADDER PLACED ON EARTH. R. Eleazar ben Azariah said: He showed him Jonah, as stated (in Jonah 2:7 [6]):
I WENT DOWN TO THE ROOTS OF THE MOUNTAINS…. (
Gen. 28:12, cont.:)
WITH ITS TOP REACHING TO THE HEAVENS. He showed him Elijah, as stated (in II Kings 2:11):
AND ELIJAH WENT UP IN A WHIRLWIND INTO THE HEAVENS. Another interpretation (of Gen. 28:12):
THEN HE DREAMED. R. Simeon ben Johay said: He showed him Sinai (
SYNY). This is a symbol.
S = sixty,
Y = ten,
N = fifty,
Y = ten. The sum is one hundred and thirty.
LADDER also is a hundred and thirty.
21 It is stated here (in Gen. 21:12, cont.):
PLACED ON EARTH WITH ITS TOP REACHING TO THE HEAVENS. It is also said of Sinai (in Deut. 4:11):
{AND BEHOLD, IT WAS} [AND THE MOUNTAIN WAS] BURNING WITH FIRE UP TO THE HEART OF THE HEAVENS.
Another interpretation (of Gen. 28:12):
AND BEHOLD, THE ANGELS OF GOD. This refers to Moses and Aaron, as stated (in Exod. 24:9):
THEN THERE WENT UP MOSES AND AARON.
22 (Gen. 28:13:)
AND BEHOLD, THE LORD STOOD UPON IT. (Exod. 19:20:)
AND THE LORD CAME DOWN UPON MOUNT SINAI. (
Gen. 12:13, cont.:)
AND SAID: I AM THE LORD, THE GOD OF YOUR FATHER ABRAHAM AND THE GOD OF ISAAC. It is also stated on Sinai (in Exod. 20:1):
I AM THE LORD YOUR GOD.
[8] Another interpretation (of Gen. 28:10): BUT JACOB SET OUT. This is one of four children of Adam for whom the land (i.e., spatial distance) was contracted. They are the following: Abraham, Eleazer, Jacob, and Abishai.23 In the case of Abraham, where is it shown? < It was > when he went forth to pursue the kings < that > the land contracted before him. Thus it is stated (in Gen. 14:15): AND THE NIGHT WAS DIVIDED AGAINST THEM.24 And in the case of Eleazer, where is it shown? < It was > when he went to bring a wife for Isaac < that > the land contracted before him.25 What is written about him (in Gen. 24:42)? AND I CAME TODAY (i.e., in one day) TO THE SPRING. The day he set out was the very day on which he arrived. And in the case of Abishai, where is it shown? When he fought with Ishbi-benob the brother of Goliath.26 What did he do? He went after David with his shield at the ready. In that hour the Holy One put the fear of David upon him, since he said: How swift this man is! Where are David and his mighty men? And where is it shown? Where it is so written (in II Sam. 21:15): AND DAVID WAS WEARY. At that time David had said: Oh, that someone would put one of my sister's sons here for me. Now Joab and Abishai were far away from him where they were fighting with the children of Ammon and with Aram (cf. I Chron. 19:10f.) However, when David prayed, the Holy One contracted the land before Abishai, as stated (in II Sam. 21:17): BUT ABISHAI BEN ZERUIAH CAME TO HIS AID. And our father Jacob was also one before whom the Holy One caused the land to contract.27 Thus it is stated (in Gen. 28:10; 29:1): AND JACOB SET OUT FROM BEERSHEBA AND WENT TO HARAN…. [THEN JACOB CONTINUED HIS JOURNEY (literally: RAISED HIS FEET)]. Our masters have said: In the case of all the children of Adam, their feet carry them; but in Jacob's case, he keeps his feet up. Thus it is stated (in Gen. 29:1): THEN JACOB RAISED HIS FEET.
[9] (Hosea 12:13 [12]:) THEN JACOB FLED TO THE LAND OF ARAM. From where did he flee? From Beersheba, as stated (in Gen. 28:10): AND JACOB SET OUT FROM BEERSHEBA. Was he in Beersheba? Was he not rather in Hebron, as stated (in Gen. 35:27): I.E., HEBRON, WHERE ABRAHAM AND ISAAC SOJOURNED? < The situation was merely that he fled > from a place set aside for oaths (shevu'ot), since < it was > there < that > Abraham had sworn to Abimelech. Thus it is stated (in Gen. 21:23, 31): SO NOW SWEAR TO ME BY GOD, BEHOLD…. THEREFORE THAT PLACE WAS NAMED BEERSHEBA, (i.e., The Well of the Oath) BECAUSE < IT WAS > THERE < THAT > BOTH OF THEM HAD SWORN. Now where is it shown that Isaac had sworn? Where it is stated (in Gen. 26:32f.): THAT ISAAC'S SERVANTS CAME < AND TOLD HIM ABOUT THE WELL >…. SO HE CALLED IT SHIBAH (i.e., oath); < THEREFORE THE NAME OF THE CITY IS BEERSHEBA UNTO THIS DAY >.28 And Esau also swore to Jacob, as stated (in Gen. 25:33): < THEN JACOB SAID > SWEAR TO ME FIRST. < Thus he swore an oath > when he took his birthright. He thought in his heart and said: If he should come and say: Come, swear to me that you have not taken my blessing by deceit, what shall I be able to do to him? I shall simply go away from this place set aside for oaths. It is therefore stated (in Gen. 28:10): AND JACOB SET OUT FROM BEERSHEBA (i.e., The Well of the Oath).29 Ergo (in Hosea 12:13 [12]): THEN JACOB FLED TO THE LAND OF ARAM.
Resh Laqish said: The Holy One performed miracles with him at the time that he saw the dream. What is written (in Gen. 28:13)? AND BEHOLD, THE LORD STOOD OVER HIM.30
(Gen. 28:17:) SO HE WAS AFRAID AND SAID: HOW AWESOME IS THIS PLACE! THIS is nothing but the Holy Temple, as stated (in Ps. 78:54): THEN HE BROUGHT THEM TO THE BORDER OF HIS SANCTUARY, THIS MOUNTAIN THAT HIS RIGHT HAND HAD PROCURED. Moreover, AWESOME can only refer to the Holy Temple. Thus it is stated (in Ps. 68:36 [35]): O GOD, YOU ARE AWESOME IN YOUR SANCTUARIES. He (Jacob) saw it destroyed, as stated (in Gen. 28:17): THIS IS NOTHING. (Ibid., cont.:) BUT THE HOUSE OF GOD, since he saw it < re >built. All the prophets also saw it built, destroyed, and < re > built. The Holy One simply said: You have seen it destroyed in this world, but in the world to come I am < re > building it myself. Then in my glory I am returning within it with you watching. Thus it is stated (in Is. 52:8): FOR EYE TO EYE THEY WILL SEE THE RETURN OF THE LORD TO ZION.31
1. Gen. R. 67:12.
2. The Greek word means “departing blessing.”
3. Cf. Avot 6:9; Sifra to Lev. 18:1 (pereq 13); Sifre to Deut. 6:7 (34); Sot. 21a; also Gen. R. 35:3 (but not in the Theodor/Albeck edition); M.Pss. 1:11; 119:7, 10 (2), 49 (41); 140:1.
4. Gk.: synegoros.
5. The word translated RIGHTEOUSNESS here (tsedeq) implies victory and success as well as righteousness.
6. The Buber text has or (LIGHT) here instead orah (PATH). PATH not only fits better into the context, but also represents the traditional biblical text.
7. As most translations recognize, the passage simply means that the Egyptians could not see each other under the plague of darkness; however, the midrash understands the Hebrew more literally as a parallel to Esau not being able to see his brother Jacob.
8. The Greek words means “covenant.”
9. See Gen. R. 59:11 and some versions of PRE 16. Both use the word diatheke in this context. Cf. Gen. R. 61:6.
10. Lat.: catellae.
11. Cf. Gen. R. 75:5.
12. The verb is related to the Greek noun zeugos (“yoke of beasts”).
13. Ber. 26b; Sanh. 95b; Gen. R. 68:9.
14. Traditional translations assume that Jacob TOOK ONE OF THE STONES, but the midrash assumes that there were more.
15. See Gen. R. 68:11.
16. The MT reads BEHIND YOU.
17. The kidneys have an emotional function similar to that of the heart.
18. Cf. Gen. R. 68:13.
19. Cf. Gen. R. 68:12.
20. Cf. the end of the previous verse, according to which Jacob LAY DOWN (rt.: ShKB) IN THAT PLACE.
21. In the MT LADDER is SLM (S = 60, L = 30, M = 40, for a total of 130); but the Buber text spells LADDER SWLM for a total of 136.
22. The passage continues: NADAB, ABIHU, AND SEVENTY OF THE ELDERS OF ISRAEL.
23. Cf. Sanh. 95 (bar.), which omits Abraham from the list.
24. I.e., Abraham only needed to pursue the kings until midnight because God had shortened the pursuit. So Gen. R. 43:3; Exod. R. 18:1; cf. Gen. R. 43:3.
25. Sanh. 95a; PRE 16.
26. See also Gen. R. 59:11.
27. Sanh. 95b; Gen. R. 68:8.
28. Similarly Rashi and Nachmanides on Gen. 26:33. Cf. Malbim on this verse, according to whom Beersheba means “seventh well,” in that this well was the seventh dug by Isaac. Cf. also Ibn Ezra, who, because of what might be an alternative derivation from the number seven in Gen. 21:23-33, suggests that either Beersheba had two derivations or that there were two cities with this name.
29. Beersheba seems to be, not a particular city, but any well where one might swear an oath. Thus, there is no contradiction between Jacob living in Hebron and setting out from Beersheba, i.e., the Hebron oath well.
30. To protect him from the heat of the sun. Cf. Codex Vaticanus Ebr. 34, which explains that the rest of the verse reads: THE EARTH UPON WHICH YOU LIE < I WILL GIVE TO YOU AND TO YOUR SEED > . Thus the Holy One folds it up (i.e., folds up the land of Israel) under his head. Similarly, Hul. 91b; Gen. R. 69:4; Rashi, s.v.
31. The midrash seems to picture Jacob’s dream ladder extending from the earthly Temple up eighteen miles to the heavenly temple. See Gen. R. 69:7.