I.שָׁלַח vb. send (NH id.; Ecclus 48:18 +; Aramaic שְׁלַח, ܫܠܰܚ, So BA ⁴¹ cp. Arabic سَرَحَ (r = l), send forth, drive cattle to pasture, send messenger, etc., but then diff. √ for i. שֶׁלַח, Arabic سِلَاحٌ, سِلَحٌ weapon; Assyrian prob. šalû (send, hurl?), whence tešlîtu, command);

Qal Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳ Gn 42:4 +, 2 ms. sf. שְׁלַחְתָּ֑נִי Ex 5:22, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁלַח Gn 3:22 +, 2 fpl. תִּשְׁלַ֫חְנָה Ez 23:40 (Ju 5:26 read תִּשְׁלָחֶנָּה? Ob 1:3 תִּשְׁלַח יָד? Ges ^{47 k}); Imv. ms. שְׁלַח 1 S 20:31 +, mpl. שְׁלָ֑חוּ 2 K 2:17; Inf. abs. שָׁל(וֹ)חַ Nu 22:37 +; cstr. שְׁלֹחַ v 15 +, שְׁלַח Is 58:9, sf. שָׁלְחֶ֑ךָ Gn 38:17, etc.; Pt. act. שֹׁלֵחַ Ex 9:14 +, etc.; שָׁלוּחַ 1 K 14:6 +, etc.;

1. send: human subj., especially
a. acc. pers. Gn 42:4; 43:8 (both J; c. אֵת with, pers.) Nu 22:15 + often, c. ל rei for which Je 14:3; 16:16; sq. אֶל pers. Gn 37:13, 2 S 11:6 Ne 6:5 +; rarely c. ל pers. Gn 32:19 (pass.), אֶל loc. 2 Ch 16:4, ב loc. 1 S 11:3, acc. loc. 2 K 22:3, -ה loc. 1 K 5:28, -ה loc. + מֵעַל pers. 2 S 13:17, מִן loc. Gn 37:14, Nu 13:3, etc.; sq. inf. purpose 1 S 25:14 ( + מִן loc.), 2 K 1:16 Je 40:14 +, אֶל pers. c. inf. purpose 2 S 10:3 Je 42:9 +, c. ו subord. 2 K 5:6, c. vb. fin. actionis Ex 2:5, sent her maid and took, +, etc. (many combinations); acc. pers. alone 24:5, Jos 7:22, 2 S 10:7 + often
b. less often acc. rei (sometimes c. בְּיַד of agent), c. אֶל pers. 1 S 16:20 2 K 5:5; 20:12 +, 1 K 5:23 ( = designate by sending unto), ל pers. Ju 3:15 1 K 5:22 +, אֶל loc. Est 1:22, שָׁ֫מָּה 2 K 6:14; + inf. purpose 1 Ch 19:4 Est 4:4; + vb. fin. action. Ps 105:28; acc. of kid, alone, Gn 38:23 also (acc. om.) v 17, etc.
c. very often without obj.: + vb. fin. action., send and do so and so, Gn 27:45, 2 K 11:4 Jb 1:5 +; c. אֶל pers. Ho 5:13 2 S 11:6 +, especially + לֵאמֹר Gn 38:25, 1 K 20:5 (often S K), Je 29:28 +; c. inf. purpose Gn 32:6, Nu 21:32, 1 S 22:11 +, etc. (and so 1 S 31:9, reading וַיִּשְׁלְחוּ, for Pi., Th We Dr Now, not HPS Bu); abs. 2 K 2:16, 17 2 S 14:29; = send to inquire 1 K 20:17, etc.

2. send: subj. י׳ (God),
a. acc. pers. Gn 45:5 (לִפְנֵי pers.), 1 S 15:18 (בְּדָ֑רֶךְ), + אֶל pers. 2 S 12:1; acc. of angel, לִפְנֵי pers. Gn 24:7 Ex 33:2, אֵת with Gn 24:40, etc.; c. acc. pers. = commission Ex 3:12, Ju 6:14 Is 6:8 Je 14:14, 15 + often Je, Zc 2:13 +; also (c. אֶל pers.) Ex 3:13, Je 25:4 Ez 3:6 +, etc.; especially of sending prophet, (שָׁלַח), הַשְׁכֵּם וְשָׁלוֹחַ Je 7:25 + (v. [שָׁכַם]); acc. pers. + inf. purpose 1 S 15:1 Je 19:14 +; + עַד loc. 2 K 2:2, acc. loc. v 4, -ָה loc. v 6, etc.
b. c. acc. rei, plagues Ex 9:14 (c. אֶל־לֵב, ב pers.), fig. arrows 2 S 22:15 = Ps 18:15 ( + vb. fin. action.), Ps 144:6, cf. Je 25:16 al.; his word Is 9:7 (ב gent.), 55:11 (אשׁר to which), Zc 7:12 (ב agent.), Ps 107:20 ( + vb. fin. action.), 147:15 ( + acc. אֶרֶץ); acc. help 20:3 (מִן loc.), light and truth 43:3 ( + vb. fin. action.), cf. 57:4.

3. stretch out, especially acc. hand:
a. human subj., c. ב pers. against, Gn 37:22, 1 S 24:11 Est 2:21 +; c. ב rei (property of others) Ex 22:7, 10, Est 9:10 +, בַּחַלָּמִישׁ Jb 28:9; c. אֶל pers. against Gn 22:12, 2 S 18:12, עַל pers. 1 K 13:4, etc.; אֶל rei (for good) 2 S 6:6 (יָד om.); from outside, inward, Ct 5:4 (מִן loc.); abs. Jb 30:24 (read טֹבֵעַ for בְּעִי Di Bi Bu). + inf. purpose 1 S 22:17 2 S 1:14 1 Ch 13:9; + vb. fin. act. Gn 3:22 Dt 25:11 Ju 15:15 +; שׁ׳ אֶצְבַּע Is 58:9, in token of scorn; c. acc. of rod 1 S 14:27; שִׁלֳחוּ מַגָּל Jo 4:13 stretch out (the) sickle.
b. י׳ subj., acc. hand, + אֶל pers. against Ex 24:11, cf. (עַל) Ps 138:7; + vb. fin. act. *Ex 3:20, 9:15, Jb 1:11; 2:5; in favour, Je 1:9, abs. Ps 144:7 (מִן loc.), also (pass.) Ez 2:9 and (acc. תַּבְנִית יָד), 8:3. *
c. acc. hand, subj. angel, + acc. loc., inf. purpose 2 S 24:16, cherub, אֶל rei, מִן loc. Ez 10:7; adversary, אֶל pers. Jb 1:12; subj. angle, acc. rod Ju 6:21.
d. stretched out, slender, of tree Gn 49:21 (poem), v. i. אֵלָה supr. p. 18b.
e. perhaps extend, direct, acc. rei Ez 8:17 (v. זְמוֹרָה supr. p. 274b, also conj. in Toy Krae).

4. rarely send away (v. Pi.): human subj., acc. pers. Ju 11:38 ( + acc. temp.), Gn 28:5.

5. let loose (v. Pi.), perhaps only Ps 50:19 (fig.) thy mouth hast thou let loose in evil. *Niph. Inf. abs. וְנִשְׁלוֹחַ סְפָרִים = letters were sent (Ges ^{114 z gg}) Est 3:13 ( + אֶל pers., בְּיַד agent., inf. purpose).

Pi. Pf. 3 ms. שִׁלַּח Ex 8:28 +, sf. שִׁלַּחֲךָ 1 S 20:22, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יְשַׁלַּח Je 3:1 +, יְשַׁלֵּ֑חַ Is 45:13 Pr 6:14; 1 s. sf. אֲשַׁלֵּחֲךָ Gn 32:27, אֲשַׁלְּחֶ֫ךָּ 2 S 11:12 1 K 20:34, etc.; Imv. ms. שַׁלַּח Ex 4:23 +, etc.; Inf. abs. Dt 22:7 1 K 11:22; cstr. שַׁלַּח Gn 8:10 +, שַׁלֵּ֑חַ Ex 7:27 +, etc.; Pt. מְשַׁלֵּחַ Gn 43:4 +, etc.;

1. send off, away, human subj.:
a. acc. pers. + ל loc. Jos 24:28, Ju 7:8 1 S 10:25 +; + ל pers. Je 48:12; + -ה loc. Ju 12:9 and (c. inf. purpose) Gn 28:6; acc. of goat, לַעֲזָאזֵל Lv 16:10 (-ה loc.), v 26; send out, different ways, acc. pers., ב loc. Ju 19:29; 20:6; send into exile, י׳ subj., c. מִן loc. Je 24:5, -ה loc. 29:20.
b. send away, dismiss, acc. pers. Gn 21:14, 25:6 (מֵעַל pers.), 2 S 13:16 +; specif., c. acc. of wife ( = divorce), Dt 22:19, 29; 24:1, 3 Je 3:1 +, abs. Mal 2:16.
c. send away emply (-handed) רֵיקָם, + acc. pers. Gn 31:41, Dt 15:13 Jb 22:9.
d. send off, give a ‘send-off’ (sometimes escort part way), acc. pers., Gn 18:16; 24:59; 31:27, 1 S 9:26 2 S 19:32 2 K 5:24; 6:23 Ob 1:7.
e. acc. rei 1 S 6:8 Ne 8:12 +, c. acc. loc. 1 S 5:10; 6:3, אֶל pers. Je 27:3, etc.

2.
a. send away, subj. י׳, acc. pers. Gn 19:29 (מִתּוֹךְ), 1 K 9:7 (מֵעַל פְּנֵי).
b. give over, acc. pers. Ps 81:13 (ב of evil).
c. cast out, acc. pers. Je 28:16 (מֵעַל־פְּנֵי), Lv 18:24; 20:23 (both מִפְּנֵי).
d. send out, forth, send on a mission, especially of י׳, c. acc. of hornet Dt 7:20, cf. 28:20; 32:24 (all ב pers.), serpents Nu 21:6 (ב pers.), lions 2 K 17:25, 26 (both id.), foes 2 K 24:2⁽⁺⁾ ( + inf. purpose); pestilence Am 4:10 Ez 28:23 (ב pers.), etc.; also springs into (ב) channel Ps 104:10.

3. let go, set free (sometimes c. חָפְשִׁי) Ex 4:23; 5:2⁽⁺⁾, 2 S 3:21, 23, 24 +; = cease to abuse Ju 19:25; + inf. purpose Gn 24:56, Ex 5:1 (+ 10 t. Ex), 1 S 5:11; c. acc. of bird Gn 8:7, 8 ( + מֵאִתּוֹ) +; + עַל־פְּנֵי הַשָּׂדֶה Lv 14:7, cf. v 53; = let loose, acc. of beast, Ex 22:4, Lv 16:22 (ב loc.); acc. of bridle Jb 30:11 (fig.); metaph. of strife Pr 6:14, 19; 16:28; let loose waters, subj. י׳, Jb 12:15.

4. shoot forth branches, Je 17:8 Ps 80:12 Ez 31:5 (but v. i. שֶׁלַח 2); cf. of locks (פֶּרַע) Ez 44:20 = let grow long.

5. let down, acc. pers. Je 38:6 (ב instr.), acc. rei v 11 (id. + אֶל pers. et loc.).

6. shoot (acc. of arrow om.), לְשַׁ׳ לִי לְמַטָּרָה 1 S 20:20.

7. phrases: שִׁלַּח (אֶת־)הָעִיר בָּאֵשׁ *Ju 1:8; 20:48, cf. 2 K 8:12 Ps 74:7; but also שׁ׳ אֵשׁ בְּ *Am 1:4, 7, 10, 12; 2:2, 5 Ho 8:14 Ez 39:6; rare expressions are: וַיְשַׁלְּחֵם בְּיַד־פִּשְׁעָם Jb 8:4 (God subj.); stretch out hand, ב rei (for use) Pr 31:19, ל pers. (charity) v 20; חֶבְלֵיהֶם תְּשַׁלַּחְנָה Jb 39:3 (of hinds, bearing); שַׁלַּח לַחְמְךָ עַל־פְּנֵי הַמָּ֑יִם Ec 11:1. – רַגְלַי שִׁלֵּ֑חוּ Jb 30:12; Theod Ew Di רַגְלָם שִׁלֵּ֑חוּ; Me Bu Be al. dittogr. from v 11 b. Pu. Pf. 3 ms. שֻׁלַּח Ju 5:15 Jb 18:8, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יְשֻׁלַּח Pr 17:11; Pt. מְשֻׁלָּח Is 16:2 +; – be sent off (started on journey) Gn 44:3; with commission, ב pers. Ob 1:1 Pr 17:11, אֶל pers. Dn 10:11; be put away, divorced, of wife Is 50:1 (fig.); be impelled (?), בְּרַגְלָיו ( = at his heels?), c. ב loc. Ju 5:15 (vb. dub.), cf. שֻׁלַּח בְּרֶשֶׁת בְּרַגְלָיו Jb 18:8 he is hurried into the net with his feet (? G Du שֻׁלְּחָה רַגְלוֹ); קֵן מְשֻׁלָּח Is 16:2 a driven (scattered) nest (|| עוֹף נוֹדֵד), cf. נָוֶה מְשׁ׳ וְנֶעֱזָב כַּמִּדְבָּר 27:10; נַעַר מְשׁ׳ Pr 29:15 a boy let loose (unrestrained). *Hiph. Pf. 1 s. וְהִשְׁלַחְתִּ֫י and I (י׳) will send famine, בָּאָרֶץ Am 8:11, cf. Ez 14:13, wild beasts; ב pers. Lv 26:22; Pt. מַשְׁלִיחַ, acc. of flies, ב pers. Ex 8:17; Inf. cstr. לְהַשְׁלִיחַ, acc. of foe, ב gent. 2 K 15:37.

This dictionary is a modified version of: F. Brown, S. R. Driver, and C. A. Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (Oxford, 1906). Comments and corrections can be sent to us at: support@alhatorah.org